{"id":5394,"date":"2023-05-04T09:58:42","date_gmt":"2023-05-04T09:58:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/?p=5394"},"modified":"2023-05-24T07:46:53","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T07:46:53","slug":"lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Java l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 trong Java, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOP &#8211; Object-oriented programming) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, <a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TopviecIT.vn<\/strong><\/a> s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Lap_trinh_huong_doi_tuong_Java_la_gi\" title=\"L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Cac_thanh_phan_can_biet_trong_OOP_Java\" title=\"C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft trong OOP Java\">C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft trong OOP Java<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Lop_Classes\" title=\"L\u1edbp (Classes)\">L\u1edbp (Classes)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Doi_tuong_Objects\" title=\"\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Objects)\">\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Objects)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Phuong_thuc_Methods\" title=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c (Methods)\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c (Methods)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Thuoc_tinh_Attributes\" title=\"Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (Attributes)\">Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (Attributes)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Cac_nguyen_tac_chinh_trong_OOP_Java\" title=\"C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh trong OOP Java\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh trong OOP Java<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Truu_tuong_hoa_Abstraction\" title=\"Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a (Abstraction)\">Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a (Abstraction)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Tinh_ke_thua_Inheritance\" title=\"T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba (Inheritance)\">T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba (Inheritance)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Tinh_dong_goi_Encapsulation\" title=\"T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (Encapsulation)\">T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (Encapsulation)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Tinh_da_hinh_Polymorphism\" title=\"T\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh (Polymorphism)\">T\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh (Polymorphism)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Uu_nhuoc_diem_cua_OOP_Java\" title=\"\u01afu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a OOP Java\">\u01afu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a OOP Java<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java\/#Co_hoi_viec_lam_OOP_Java_nhu_the_nao\" title=\"C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m OOP Java nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\">C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m OOP Java nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lap_trinh_huong_doi_tuong_Java_la_gi\"><\/span><strong>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (objects) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Java l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/strong>, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong Java \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c (methods). M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (state) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. OOP Java c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>>>> Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/lo-trinh-thang-tien-lap-trinh-vien-java\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean Java v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-1.jpg\" alt=\"L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i\" class=\"wp-image-5402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-1-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-1-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_thanh_phan_can_biet_trong_OOP_Java\"><\/span><strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft trong OOP Java<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_Classes\"><\/span><strong>L\u1edbp (Classes)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1edbp (Class) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java. L\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-2.jpg\" alt=\"L\u1edbp (Class) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong OOP Java\" class=\"wp-image-5401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-2-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-2-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>L\u1edbp (Class) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong OOP Java<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doi_tuong_Objects\"><\/span><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Objects)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;\u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i&#8221; m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y \u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8220;xe h\u01a1i&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_thuc_Methods\"><\/span><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c (Methods)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u00e3 code c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-3.jpg\" alt=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p  x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" class=\"wp-image-5400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-3-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-3-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p  x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong Java c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd sinh vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuoc_tinh_Attributes\"><\/span><strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (Attributes)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong <a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/oop-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>OOP<\/strong><\/a> Java bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh: t\u00ean, tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c: t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trung b\u00ecnh, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>>>> Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/java-core-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Java core l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u newbie c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Java core<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-4.jpg\" alt=\"Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp\" class=\"wp-image-5399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-4-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-4-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_nguyen_tac_chinh_trong_OOP_Java\"><\/span><strong>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh trong OOP Java<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truu_tuong_hoa_Abstraction\"><\/span><strong>Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a (Abstraction)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java. Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a trong Java \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc&#8221; v\u00e0 cho l\u1edbp h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, tam gi\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0o l\u1edbp &#8220;H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc&#8221;, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xem th\u00eam: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/java-ee-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Java EE L\u00e0 G\u00ec? T\u1ea5t T\u1ea7n T\u1eadt Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u1ea7n Bi\u1ebft V\u1ec1 N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng N\u00e0y<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-5.jpg\" alt=\"Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java\" class=\"wp-image-5398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-5-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-5-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_ke_thua_Inheritance\"><\/span><strong>T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba (Inheritance)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong OOP Java, t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con (subclass) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp cha (superclass). Hay hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, l\u1edbp con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong l\u1edbp cha m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>>>><\/strong> <strong>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/java-va-javascript-khac-nhau-the-nao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Java v\u00e0 Javascript &#8211; \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_dong_goi_Encapsulation\"><\/span><strong>T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (Encapsulation)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Java. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u00ean trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-6.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i gi\u00fap m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n\" class=\"wp-image-5397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-6.jpg 800w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-6-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-6-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i gi\u00fap m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_da_hinh_Polymorphism\"><\/span><strong>T\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh (Polymorphism)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong OOP Java, t\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y v\u00e0o ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cha ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1edbp m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a OOP Java gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-7.jpg\" alt=\"T\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh trong OOP Java gi\u00fap t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\" class=\"wp-image-5396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-7.jpg 800w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-7-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-7-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>T\u00ednh \u0111a h\u00ecnh trong OOP Java gi\u00fap t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu_nhuoc_diem_cua_OOP_Java\"><\/span><strong>\u01afu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a OOP Java<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u &#8211; nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u &#8211; nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u00f4 \u0111un, gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 C v\u00e0 C++.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eeba k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, khi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u1edbp cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh khai b\u00e1o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-8.jpg\" alt=\"OOP Java c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc\" class=\"wp-image-5395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-8.jpg 800w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-8-640x400.jpg 640w, https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java-topcv-8-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>OOP Java c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_hoi_viec_lam_OOP_Java_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><strong>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m OOP Java nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi h\u1ecdcOOP Java, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Java r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean Java (<a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/java-developer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Java Developer<\/strong><\/a>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Java (c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Tester ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Java.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec Java.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mobile Developer Java.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Xem th\u00eam: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/tester-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tester L\u00e0 G\u00ec? M\u00f4 T\u1ea3 C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c Chi Ti\u1ebft C\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t Tester<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c <a href=\"https:\/\/topviecit.vn\/blog\/chuyen-muc\/chia-se-kinh-nghiem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/a> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java<strong> <\/strong>v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y truy c\u1eadp ngay v\u00e0o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topcv.vn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TopCV.vn<\/strong><\/a> n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.topcv.vn\/viec-lam-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m IT<\/a><\/strong>. T\u1ea1i TopCV, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topcv.vn\/mau-cv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>t\u1ea1o CV<\/strong><\/a> nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngay v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tin tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Big Data th\u00f4ng minh, <strong>TopCV<\/strong> c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd CV c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Java l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 trong Java, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOP &#8211; Object-oriented programming) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, TopviecIT.vn s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5403,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[1390,1372,551,134],"class_list":["post-5394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chia-se-kinh-nghiem","tag-4-tinh-chat-cua-lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java","tag-lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-java","tag-lap-trinh-huong-doi-tuong-la-gi","tag-oop-la-gi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>T\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Java c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Trong Java, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. 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